1. Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm niaj hnub papermaking?
A: Cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm niaj hnub papermaking suav nrog cov nroj tsuag cov ntoo (ntoo, xyoob ntoo, nyom, thiab lwm yam), cov ntxhia pob zeb (asbestos, iav fiber, thiab lwm yam), lwm cov fibers (nylon, xov hlau, thiab lwm yam), thiab cov ntaub ntawv polymer tau. los ntawm pyrolysis ntawm roj av. Tam sim no, daim ntawv siv rau kev sau ntawv, luam ntawv, thiab ntim ntau yog ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag fiber.
2. Dab tsi yog hom ntoo ua raw cov ntaub ntawv rau papermaking?
A: ntawm tam sim no, cog cov ntoo ua raw cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv kev lag luam ntawv muaj peev xwm muab faib ua ob pawg
Khoom siv ntoo fiber: cog ntoo fiber tau ncaj qha los ntawm cov ntoo.
Cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau tau muab faib ua cov khoom siv cov ntoo ua fiber ntau thiab cov khoom siv ua fiber ntau.
3. Dab tsi yog qhov sib xyaw thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuam ntawm cov ntawv?
A: Cov khoom siv xa mus rau ntau qhov chaw sib ntxiv ntxiv rau daim ntawv kom tau raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv. Cov pabcuam pabcuam yog muaj los ntawm cov muab tub lim, roj hmab, xim, thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntxiv rau.
Cov ntawv ntim tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov sib txuam thiab opacity ntawm daim ntawv; txoj hlua khi tuaj yeem ua rau daim ntawv muaj dej tsis kam; pigments tuaj yeem nce ntxiv qhov dawb ntawm daim ntawv; dyes tuaj yeem ua xim rau daim ntawv; lwm yam tshuaj ntxiv tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom ntawm daim ntawv txhawm rau muab qee qhov kev siv tshwj xeeb ntawm daim ntawv.
4. Dab tsi muaj nuj nqi ntawm roj hmab?
A: daim ntawv tsim tawm nrog tsob nroj fiber tuaj yeem nqus dej los yog lwm cov kua dej vim tias muaj ntau lub qhov hws nruab nrab ntawm lub fiber nws tus kheej thiab lub fiber, thiab cellulose thiab hemicellulose uas ua rau cov fiber muaj ntau hydrophilic hydroxyl pawg. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv daim ntawv los ntawm dej los yog lwm yam dej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv colloidal lossis cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim rau cov ntawv tso rau hauv daim ntawv kom muab daim ntawv los tiv thaiv ua kua permeability thiab cov kev ua tsis tau zoo. Hauv kev lag luam ntawv, cov txheej txheem sizing hu ua sizing.
5. Lub tswv yim sizing yog dab tsi?
Teb: raws li qhov sib txawv sizing, txoj kev sizing tau faib rau sab hauv sizing thiab nto sizing. Sab hauv sizing yog ntxiv qhov loj me rau cov ntawv mos, thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov ntawv thiab cov ntawv nrog hydrophobicity. Cov tebchaw siv feem ntau yog cov rosin compound thiab cov khoom sib txuas ua ke. Nto sizing yog los thov ib txheej nyias nyias ntawm cov khoom sizing nyob rau saum npoo ntawm daim ntawv thiaj li hais tias daim ntawv muaj hydrophobic zog. Cov ntaub ntawv siv roj hmab nquag yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, tsiaj kua nplaum, thiab hluavtaws roj hmab. Nto sizing yog siv rau cov ntawv offset, sau ntawv thiab ntawv ntim khoom, thiab ntawv ntoo nrog hydrophobicity yuav tsum.
6. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm saum npoo sizing rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawv zoo li cas?
A: ① nce cov dej tsis kam thiab cov npoo ntawm daim ntawv, tuaj yeem txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv hauv ntawv offset; Txhim kho cov ntawv luam tawm, yog tias cov nplauv nplaum nplaum tsawg dhau, daim ntawv yuav nqus ib daim ntawv ntau dhau ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawv, ua rau matte imprinting. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog tias muaj ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom siv sizing, nws yuav ua kom qeeb ntawm lub ziab kom qhuav ntawm tus number case, uas ua rau cov tawv nqaij tsis huv thiab ci; Nce daim ntawv' s abradability, nto sizing tuaj yeem txo qhov nkag ntawm tus number case, yog li nws yooj yim so tawm tus number case, nce qhov peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm daim ntawv nto; Nce cov ntawv' s lub zog, xws li tawg lub zog, folding lub zog thiab tensile lub zog; ⑤ txo ob sab sib txawv thiab deformation ntawm daim ntawv.
7. Dab tsi yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm muab tub lim?
A: muab tub lim yog ua kom daim ntawv tau txais cov khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li whiteness, opacity, smoothness, thiab lwm yam tib lub sijhawm, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntxig ua rau cov kis hauv daim ntawv me dua thiab ua thinner, thiaj li ua rau kom tus number case nqus ntawm cov ntawv thiab ua rau tus number case nqus tau ntau yam. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm insoluble lossis soluble me ntsis pob zeb hauv av muaj li 10% - 25% hauv cov ntawv luam ntawv. Tus nqi ntawm cov zaub mov ntxiv rau cov ntawv sib txawv nws txawv thiab yuav txawv heev
8. Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawv lim?
A: tus muab tub luam ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawv yuav tsum muaj whiteness siab, siab refractive index, nplua hais, zoo dej, solubility qis, tsis ntom, thiab zoo tshuaj stability. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yog qhov zoo uas yuav muaj cov nplua nuj cov nqi thiab tus nqi qis.
9. Dab tsi yog cov qauv ntim rau kev luam ntawv ntawv?
A: feem ntau siv cov inorganic sau yog talc, av nplaum, titanium dioxide, thiab calcium carbonate. Ntawm lawv, titanium dioxide yog kim kim thiab zoo muab tub lim, thiab cov muab tshuaj pleev hluavtaws organic yog qee cov khoom siv siab.
10. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntawv sau rau ntawm cov ntawv zoo li cas?
A: ntxiv cov ntawv ntim rau cov ntawv luam tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv, xws li kev nce qib, kev sib txuam, opacity, thiab tawv ncauj ntawm daim ntawv. Txhim kho txoj kev sib txuam nrog, muag muag, thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov ntawv rau number case, uas yog pab txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm. Yog lawm, muab tub lim ntau dhau hauv ntawv kuj coj tau ib co kev phem, feem ntau yog rau qhov yuav txo tau ntawv zog thiab cov nyhuv sizing. Hauv kev luam ntawv, nws yooj yim poob hmoov thiab plaub hau, thiab cov muab tub lim yuav hloov mus rau luam ntawv phaj thiab pam vov, uas ua rau cov ntawv luam tawm thiab lwm yam tshwm sim. Vim tias qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov sib txig, cov ntawv luam tawm yuav hnav, tab sis qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem calcium calcium carbonate (PCC) tuaj yeem ua rau cov luam ntawv tiaj tus hnav daim hlau kom tsawg kawg (tam sim no siv los ntawm Jindong).
11. Dab tsi yog opacity ntawm daim ntawv?
A: opacity yog siv cov opacity ntawm daim ntawv. Lub opacity ntawm daim ntawv yog nyob ntawm lub teeb tawg scattering muaj peev xwm ntawm daim ntawv, muaj pes tsawg tus lub teeb scattering cuam tshuam sab hauv daim ntawv (piv txwv li cov xov tooj ntawm qhov muaj feem ywj siab sab hauv), thiab qhov refractive index sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Qhov ntau lub teeb scattering interfaces, ntau dua qhov refractive index qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv tawg, qhov ntau dua lub teeb scattering muaj peev xwm, thiab ntau dua cov opacity ntawm daim ntawv.
12. Dab tsi cuam tshuam rau cov opacity ntawm daim ntawv?
A: daim ntawv uas tsis muaj muab tub lim yog tsim ntawm fiber ntau thiab huab cua. Huab cua muaj nyob hauv qhov hws nruab nrab ntawm cov leeg. Vim tias qhov ntsuas refractive ntawm lub fiber thiab huab cua yog qhov sib txawv thaum lub teeb nqaj irradiates daim ntawv saum npoo, ib feem ntawm lub teeb ntswj ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov paib thiab huab cua, muab daim ntawv rau qee yam (qis dua) opacity, uas yog tsom hauv luam ntawv , thiab kev ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb tau yooj yim hla. Tom qab muab cov ntawv ntim puv nrog qhov ntsuas ua kom zoo siab dua cellulose rau hauv daim ntawv, tus naj npawb ntawm lub teeb tawg ntawm cov ntawv sau hauv cov ntawv nce tuaj, uas yog, muaj peb qhov cuam tshuam sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv fiber thiab huab cua, ntawm qhov muab tub lim thiab fiber ntau, thiab ntawm qhov muab tub lim thiab cua. Ntawm peb qhov kev cuam tshuam no, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas siab refractive ntawm muab tub lim thiab huab cua yog qhov loj dua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub teeb tawg ntawm qhov interface ntawm qhov muab tub lim thiab lub teeb tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws opacity.
13. Yuav ua li cas cov ntawv sau tuaj txhim kho qhov sib thooj ntawm cov ntawv nto?
A: lub network tsim los ntawm interweaving fibers ib txwm muaj coob tus pores thiab nto tsis sib xws. Ntxiv cov ntawv foob zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov muag thiab yas ntawm daim ntawv, thiab tuaj yeem nqa tawm kev kho kom zoo dua, thiaj li txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv duness tom qab calendering.
14. Qhov muab tub lim cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawv npaum li cas?
A: Qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov fibers yog lub hauv paus ntawm daim ntawv muaj zog. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntxig tau txo cov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov fibers, yog li ntxiv ntau ntawm cov tub lim yuav txo cov ntawv lub zog. Ntawm lawv, lub zog tensile, folding lub zog, thiab tawg lub zog txo qis heev, thaum lub zog tsim kua muag poob qis dua me ntsis. Tus nqi ntawm cov muab tub lim siv tsuas siv rau qee yam.
15. Qhov muab tub lim cuam tshuam rau feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv?
Teb: qhov ntom ntawm cov ntawv fiber ntau yog li 1g / cm3, thaum lub ntom ntom ntawm cov muab tub lim feem ntau yog 2.5-3.0g / cm3. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv rau ntawm cov muab tub lim yuav txo qhov xoob xoob ntawm daim ntawv. Tab sis thaum tus nqi ntawm cov muab tub lim yog qhov me me, cov xoob xoob nce nrog qhov nce ntawm cov muab tub lim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntawv luv luv fiber ntau.
16. Qhov muab tub lim cuam tshuam rau cov ntawv tawv ncauj?
A: daim ntawv tawv yog daim ntawv ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv tuab thiab cov txheej txheem elastic. Cov cawv ntawm cov tshuaj puv ntawm qhov txhav yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua ke nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev muab ntxaws rau ntawm qhov xoob xoob thiab lub zog tensile. Thaum tus nqi ntawm qhov ntim yog me me, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntawv sau tsis cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv tawv. Thaum qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov ntim puv khov ntxiv, daim ntawv daim ntawv tawv nqaij tau txo qis ntau nrog qhov nce ntawm cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntim.
17. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov xim hauv daim ntawv yog dab tsi?
A: txawm tias lub plua plav pulp dawb yog me ntsis daj lossis grey. Qhov no yog vim tias lub lignin nyob rau hauv lub pulp fiber zoo li yuav nqus violet thiab xiav lub teeb nrog lub yoj ntawm 400-500nm. Qhov ntau lignin nyob rau hauv lub pulp, tsaus xim cov xim. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau ua kom daim ntawv muaj cov tshuaj dawb ntau dua, xiav-xem lossis liab-xiav xim txau rau ib txwm nyiam ntxiv rau cov tshuaj ua kom dawb. Kev tsim cov xim luam tawm ntawv yuav tsum tau xiab cov xim.
18. Cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov xim dab tsi?
A: Cov xim muaj xim yog xim thiab xim rau siv rau cov ntawv xas thiab xim xim sib txuam. Xim muaj feem ntau yog inorganic, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov tsis muaj zog hauv dej. Dyes tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom ua kom zoo nkauj thiab cov tsoos xim. Tam sim no, cov tshuaj pleev xim hluavtaws tau hloov kiag li cov xim thas xim, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog soluble hauv dej, lossis soluble hauv dej tom qab kev siv tshuaj.
19. Lwm cov chemical hauv cov ntawv thiab lawv cov haujlwm?
A: Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm qee qhov kev siv tshwj xeeb ntawm ntawv, ntau hom non-fiber ntau ntxiv feem ntau siv hauv cov ntawv mos lossis ntawv. Raws li lawv siv, lawv tuaj yeem raug muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:
Agent Ua kom tus neeg sawv cev ntub dej ntxiv. Tus neeg sawv cev ntub dej yog ib hom tshuaj ntxiv rau ntxiv kom ntub lub zog ntawm daim ntawv, xws li urea-formaldehyde resin thiab phenolic resin.
Agent Tus neeg sawv cev qhuav zog. Xws li cationic starch, polyacrylamide, thiab lwm yam.
Ids Kev pab khaws cia. Cov tshuaj ntxiv xws li polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, thiab polyethyleneimine ntxiv rau kom txo qhov poob ntawm cov sau thiab nplua hauv cov txheej txheem papermaking.
Defoamer. Nws yog siv los tshem tawm npaus hauv cov txheej txheem papermaking. Xws li roj silicone, turpentine, tridecanol, tributyl phosphate, pentanol, thiab octanol.
⑤ Tus sawv cev tiv taus dej. Nws yog tsuas yog siv hauv ntawv ntawv nrog qhov xav tau ntawm cov dej tsis kam. Xws li paraffin, cov tshuaj ntxuav tes hlau, glyoxal, melamine resin, thiab dimethylamino ethyl acrylate.
20. Yuav faib cov ntawv li cas?
A: daim ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov ntawv kev lis kev cai, ntawv ua lag luam, ntawv tsev neeg, thiab ntawv tshwj xeeb raws li nws siv. Daim ntawv kev lis kev cai tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov ntawv tsis zoo thiab txheej ntawv xim. Cov ntawv tsis muaj npe hu ua daim ntawv tsis siv, xws li ntawv tshaj xov xwm, ntawv offset, xerographic ntawv, thiab ntawv sau ntawv; coated ntawv yog hu ua coated ntawv, xws li coated ntawv, daim ntawv thov raws, daim ntawv matte, iav daim npav ntawv, thiab lwm yam.